Association of fatty acid composition in human milk with breast milk jaundice in neonates / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of fatty acid composition in human milk with breast milk jaundice (BMJ) in neonates.@*METHODS@#A total of 30 full-term neonates who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit from October 2016 to October 2017 and were diagnosed with late-onset BMJ were enrolled as the BMJ group. Thirty healthy neonates without jaundice or pathological jaundice who were admitted to the confinement center during the same period of time were enrolled as the control group. Related clinical data were collected, including sex, mode of birth, feeding pattern, gestational age, birth weight, gravida, parity, and peak level of total serum bilirubin. Breast milk was collected from the mothers, and the MIRIS human milk analyzer was used to measure macronutrients (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and calorie. Gas chromatography was used to analyze the content of different fatty acids in breast milk.@*RESULTS@#The control group had higher levels of macronutrients in human milk than the BMJ group, with significant differences in fat, dry matter, and calorie (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Some macronutrients and fatty acid composition in human milk may be associated with the pathogenesis of BMJ in neonates.

Effect of ethanolic extract of Polygonum cuspidatum on acute gouty arthritis in mice through NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to study the effect and mechanism of alcohol extract from Polygonum cuspidatum(PCE) on acute gouty arthritis in C57 BL/6 mice through NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis. The model mice which injected with ankle joint injection of sodium urate crystals(MSU) were orally administrated with three different concentration of PCE, with colchicine as positive control. HE staining was used for observing the morphological changes of synovial tissue; concentration of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α secreted by synovial tissue of the ankle joint were detected by ELISA; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in synovial tissue were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed that the swelling degree of ankle joint in model mice were significantly elevated; expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 also significant increase, compared with normal control group. The swelling degree of ankle joint significantly relief; expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in joint synovium significantly decrease; mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 were significantly decrease in PCE treatment group compared with model group. Our research implied that alcohol extract from P. cuspidatum had positive effect on acute gouty arthritis in mice, and the regulation of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 axis may be its mechanism.

The mechanism and function of hippocampal neural oscillation / 生理学报

Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system that is usually generated by oscillatory activity of neuronal ensembles, reflecting regular and synchronized activities within these cell populations. According to several oscillatory bands covering frequencies from approximately 0.5 Hz to >100 Hz, neural oscillations are usually classified as delta oscillation (0.5-3 Hz), theta oscillation (4-12 Hz), beta oscillation (12-30 Hz), gamma oscillation (30-100 Hz) and sharp-wave ripples (>100 Hz ripples superimposed on 0.01-3 Hz sharp waves). Neural oscillation in different frequencies can be detected in different brain regions of human and animal during perception, motion and sleep, and plays an essential role in cognition, learning and memory process. In this review, we summarize recent findings on neural oscillations in hippocampus, as well as the mechanism and function of hippocampal theta oscillation, gamma oscillation and sharp-wave ripples. This review may yield new insights into the functions of neural oscillation in general.

The research progress of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney / 医学研究生学报

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma ( MTSCC) is a rare and low-grade of renal epithelial tumors ,which is more common in adult female .The pathological characteristics of the MTSCC shows that the tumor cells are floating in the mucus matrix with tubular and solid beam-like arrangement .The MTSCC can be asymptomatic or present non-specific symptoms , have good prognosis in most patients,while a small number of it can recurrence ,metastasis,and even death.The purpose of this article is to review the re-search progression of clinicopathological features , treatment and prognosis of MTSCC .

The research progress of mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma of the kidney / 医学研究生学报

Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma ( MTSCC) is a rare and low-grade of renal epithelial tumors ,which is more common in adult female .The pathological characteristics of the MTSCC shows that the tumor cells are floating in the mucus matrix with tubular and solid beam-like arrangement .The MTSCC can be asymptomatic or present non-specific symptoms , have good prognosis in most patients,while a small number of it can recurrence ,metastasis,and even death.The purpose of this article is to review the re-search progression of clinicopathological features , treatment and prognosis of MTSCC .

RESULTS OF CULTURING STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM MOUSE BONE MARROW UNDER VARYING OXYGEN CONDITIONS / Шинэ санаа Шинэ нээлт

@#BACKGROUND: In the recent years, mesenchymal stem cells have become increasingly utilized in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications because of their properties for self-renewal, differentiation and immunoregulation. The use of stem cells of various clinical applications is highly expected and the production of good quality stem cells is very critical for basic studies. In the bone marrow, hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells from an unique niche in which the oxygen tension is low. Hypoxia may have a role in maintaining stem cell fate, self renewal and multi-potency. We investigated whether low oxygen culture would be beneficial for hematopoietic stem cell and mesenchymalstemcell. MATERIAL: BMCs from 8-12 week aged, 15 mice were subjected to hypoxic conditioning by culture for 8-10 days in 20%, 3%, 1% oxygen. For culture 1x105cell/ml were seeded in colony forming assay and 2x106cell/ml were seeded in L-glutamin mediain chamber slide. We counted cell colonies under different hypoxic condiontins by Olympus IX71 fluorescence microscope. After cell culture in chamber slide, we stained cells by anti-CD90 and anti-CD105 then counted positive cells by Olympus IX71 fluorescence microscope. RESULTS: Compared to normoxic cells and hypoxic cells well morphologically differentiated and counted by Olympus IX71 microscope. More colonies were observed at 3%, 1% oxygen. Statistical significances were identified with granulocytes and macrophage colony (p<0.05) in hypoxic condition. More anti-CD90 and anti-CD105 markers were observed at 3% oxygen condition. Statistical significances were identified in 3% oxygen condition with cell markers(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests low physiological oxygen culture could improve the stemness of macrophage and granulocytes colony and improve the differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Long term culturewith additional cell markers will be necessary to confirm whether low physiological oxygen levels also improve genomic stability

Correlation Between Brain Activation Changes and Cognitive Improvement Following Cognitive Remediation Therapy in Schizophrenia: An Activation Likelihood Estimation Meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Several studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) have indicated that cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) might improve cognitive function by changing brain activations in patients with schizophrenia. However, the results were not consistent in these changed brain areas in different studies. The present activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis was conducted to investigate whether cognitive function change was accompanied by the brain activation changes, and where the main areas most related to these changes were in schizophrenia patients after CRT. Analyses of whole-brain studies and whole-brain + region of interest (ROI) studies were compared to explore the effect of the different methodologies on the results.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A computerized systematic search was conducted to collect fMRI and PET studies on brain activation changes in schizophrenia patients from pre- to post-CRT. Nine studies using fMRI techniques were included in the meta-analysis. Ginger ALE 2.3.1 was used to perform meta-analysis across these imaging studies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The main areas with increased brain activation were in frontal and parietal lobe, including left medial frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule in patients after CRT, yet no decreased brain activation was found. Although similar increased activation brain areas were identified in ALE with or without ROI studies, analysis including ROI studies had a higher ALE value.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The current findings suggest that CRT might improve the cognition of schizophrenia patients by increasing activations of the frontal and parietal lobe. In addition, it might provide more evidence to confirm results by including ROI studies in ALE meta-analysis.</p>

Tumor shrinkage by cyclopamine tartrate through inhibiting hedgehog signaling / 癌症

The link of hedgehog (Hh) signaling activation to human cancer and synthesis of a variety of Hh signaling inhibitors raise great expectation that inhibiting Hh signaling may be effective in human cancer treatment. Cyclopamine (Cyc), an alkaloid from the Veratrum plant, is a specific natural product inhibitor of the Hh pathway that acts by targeting smoothened (SMO) protein. However, its poor solubility, acid sensitivity, and weak potency relative to other Hh antagonists prevent the clinical development of Cyc as a therapeutic agent. Here, we report properties of cyclopamine tartrate salt (CycT) and its activities in Hh signaling-mediated cancer in vitro and in vivo. Unlike Cyc, CycT is water soluble (5-10 mg/mL). The median lethal dose (LD50) of CycT was 62.5 mg/kg body weight compared to 43.5 mg/kg for Cyc, and the plasma half-life (T1/2) of CycT was not significantly different from that of Cyc. We showed that CycT had a higher inhibitory activity for Hh signaling-dependent motor neuron differentiation than did Cyc (IC50 = 50 nmol/L for CycT vs. 300 nmol/L for Cyc). We also tested the antitumor effectiveness of these Hh inhibitors using two mouse models of basal cell carcinomas (K14cre:Ptch1(neo/neo) and K14cre:SmoM2(YFP)). After topical application of CycT or Cyc daily for 21 days, we found that all CycT-treated mice had tumor shrinkage and decreased expression of Hh target genes. Taken together, we found that CycT is an effective inhibitor of Hh signaling-mediated carcinogenesis.

Research on cooperation between Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in dental caries lesion / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the count of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacilli (LB) in different groups and the cases in dental caries. To research the synergistic effect of S. mutans and LB in the process of dental caries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>110 cases with dental caries were selected and divided according to the different degree of caries, nature and ages. To culture bacteria in the selective culture medium, then count the number of colonies. The detection rate of two kinds of bacteria in different groups, means of the bacteria count and the cariogenic cases were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The means of the two bacteria count increased along with the degree of caries increased (P < 0.05), and increased in the older group (P < 0.05) and the active stage (P < 0.05). The cases of two bacteria increased with the degree of caries increased (P < 0.05), and increased in the older group (P < 0.05). But there were no significant differences in evolution period and arrested caries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pathopoiesis capability of S. mutans and LB enhanced with the extent of caries increased. In the older group, their synergism role play a lead position. In evolution period and arrested caries, S. mutans and LB were difference only in quantity and their solo cariogenic potential all enhanced in active stage, but there were not correlation on pathopoiesis capability and active or stationary phase.</p>

Cloning and sequence analysis of ureB gene of Helicobacter pylori / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective　To determine the diversity of ureB gene of H. pylori for development of vaccines and evaluation of diagnostic kits by sequence analysis of ureB genes of 8 H. pylori. Methods　Primers were designed according to the sequence of strain 26695 and used to amplify the ureB gene of H. pylori (CAPM N62, CAMP N93, CAMP N98, CAMP F3). The PCR products were cloned into pGEM-T vector respectively and sequenced. The sequences of tested strains were compared with the corresponding regions of the GenBank strains (26695, J99, MD506, CPM630) and analyzed by DNA and Winstar software. Results　There are three kinds of length of ureB gene in all 8 strains. The lengths of ureB gene of CAMP F3 and CPM630 are 1269bp and 1680bp respectively. The others are 1710bp. The result of the sequence analysis of ureB gene of 6 strains of H. pylori with length of 1710bp indicated that the three foreign strains showed high homology in nucleotide acid and their homology were 100% in putative amino acid. The three domestic strains were closely related. Conclusions　As a potential protective antigen, ureB has the problem of variable coverage rate in different populations. In order to gain extensive coverage rate, it is important to find the antigen peptide of conservative ureB gene of H. pylori which is predominant in population.

Helicobacter pylori induces the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 in human gastric epithelial carcinoma cell line BGC-823 / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)　on the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1)　and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gastric epithelial cells. Methods: a VacA(+) and CagA(+) international standard H. pylori line NCTC11637 and a human gastric epithelial carcinoma cell line BGC-823 were used. Western Blotting was applied to detect the synthesis of cyclooxygenase. Results: The content of COX-2 protein increased obviously after the cells were incubated with H. pylori sonicating extract for 1　h and the increase lasted for at least 6　h whereas the content of COX-1 protein did not change during the incubation with H. pylori extract. H. pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) had no effect on COX-2 synthesis. Conclusion: H. pylori stimulated the synthesis of COX-2 in BGC-823 cells and the effect was LPS-independent.